在眾多數(shù)據(jù)庫中， SQL游標是很多人用的比較多的。但是對于一些接觸數(shù)據(jù)較少的人來說，他們不知道SQL游標是什么，更別說SQL游標的用法有哪些了。其實游標簡單的說就是一種處理數(shù)據(jù)的方法，為了查看或處理結果集中的數(shù)據(jù)，游標提供了一次在結果集中按行或多行向前或向后瀏覽數(shù)據(jù)的功能。我們可以將游標視為指針，它可以指定結果中的任何位置，然后允許用戶在指定位置處理數(shù)據(jù)。知道SQL游標是什么后，是不是覺得很神奇。下面我們重點來看一下SQL游標的用法。

　　SQL游標的用法有哪些？

　　類型：

1）普通游標 只有NEXT操作

2）滾動游標 有多種操作

　　1.普通游標

1)DECLARE @username varchar(20),@UserId varchar(100)

2)DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR --定義游標

3)SELECT TOP 10 UserId,UserName FROM UserInfo

4)ORDER BY UserId DESC

5)OPEN cursor_name --打開游標

6)FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name INTO @UserId,@username --抓取下一行游標數(shù)據(jù)

7)WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

8)BEGIN

9)PRINT '用戶ID：'+@UserId+' '+'用戶名：'+@username

10)FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name INTO @UserId,@username

11)END

12)CLOSE cursor_name --關閉游標

13)DEALLOCATE cursor_name --釋放游標

　　結果：

用戶ID：zhizhi 用戶名：鄧鴻芝

用戶ID：yuyu 用戶名：魏雨

用戶ID：yujie 用戶名：李玉杰

用戶ID：yuanyuan 用戶名：王夢緣

用戶ID：YOUYOU 用戶名：lisi

用戶ID：yiyiren 用戶名：任毅

用戶ID：yanbo 用戶名：王艷波

用戶ID：xuxu 用戶名：陳佳緒

用戶ID：xiangxiang 用戶名：李慶祥

用戶ID：wenwen 用戶名：魏文文

　　2.滾動游標

1)--帶SCROLL選項的游標

2)SET NOCOUNT ON

3)DECLARE C SCROLL CURSOR FOR --SCORLL 后，有了更多的游標操作(滾動游標)

4)SELECT TOP 10 UserId,UserName FROM UserInfo

5)ORDER BY UserId DESC

6)OPEN C

7)FETCH LAST FROM C --最后一行的數(shù)據(jù)，并將當前行為指定行

8)FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM C --從第一行開始的第4行數(shù)據(jù)，并將當前行為指定行 這里的n可正可負，n>0 往下翻，n<0 往上翻

9)FETCH RELATIVE 3 FROM C --相對于當前行的后3行數(shù)據(jù)，并將當前行為指定行 這里的n可正可負

10)FETCH RELATIVE -2 FROM C --相對于當前行的前2行數(shù)據(jù)，并將當前行為指定行

11)FETCH PRIOR FROM C ----相對于當前行的前1行數(shù)據(jù)

12)FETCH FIRST FROM C --剛開始第一行的數(shù)據(jù)，并將當前行為指定行

13)FETCH NEXT FROM C --相對于當前行的后1行數(shù)據(jù)

14)CLOSE C

15)DEALLOCATE C

結果（可以參考第一個結果分析）：

　　具體FETCH用法：

1)FETCH

2) [ [ NEXT | PRIOR | FIRST | LAST

3)| ABSOLUTE { n | @nvar }

4)| RELATIVE { n | @nvar }

5) ]

6)FROM

7) ]

8){ { [ GLOBAL ] cursor_name } | @cursor_variable_name }

9)[ INTO @variable_name [ ,...n ] ]

　　Arguments

　　NEXT

Returns the result row immediately following the current row and increments the current row to the row returned. If FETCH NEXT is the first fetch against a cursor, it returns the first row in the result set. NEXT is the default cursor fetch option.

　　PRIOR

Returns the result row immediately preceding the current row, and decrements the current row to the row returned. If FETCH PRIOR is the first fetch against a cursor, no row is returned and the cursor is left positioned before the first row.

　　FIRST

Returns the first row in the cursor and makes it the current row.

　　LAST

Returns the last row in the cursor and makes it the current row.

　　ABSOLUTE { n| @nvar}

If n or @nvar is positive, returns the row n rows from the front of the cursor and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is negative, returns the row n rows before the end of the cursor and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is 0, no rows are returned. n must be an integer constant and @nvar must be smallint, tinyint, or int.

　　RELATIVE { n| @nvar}

If n or @nvar is positive, returns the row n rows beyond the current row and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is negative, returns the row n rows prior to the current row and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is 0, returns the current row. If FETCH RELATIVE is specified with n or @nvar set to negative numbers or 0 on the first fetch done against a cursor, no rows are returned. n must be an integer constant and @nvar must be smallint, tinyint, or int.

　　GLOBAL

Specifies that cursor_name refers to a global cursor.

　　cursor_name

Is the name of the open cursor from which the fetch should be made. If both a global and a local cursor exist with cursor_name as their name, cursor_name to the global cursor if GLOBAL is specified and to the local cursor if GLOBAL is not specified.

　　@cursor_variable_name

Is the name of a cursor variable referencing the open cursor from which the fetch should be made.

　　INTO @variable_name[ ,...n]

Allows data from the columns of a fetch to be placed into local variables. Each variable in the list, from left to right, is associated with the corresponding column in the cursor result set. The data type of each variable must either match or be a supported implicit conversion of the data type of the corresponding result set column. The number of variables must match the number of columns in the cursor select list.

通過上述介紹，SQL游標的用法有哪些相信大家已經(jīng)知曉了吧。想了解更多關于SQL游標的信息，請繼續(xù)關注中培偉業(yè)吧。